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Determination in endocentric and exocentric languages: With assure originally from danish and Italian by Iorn Korzen: Korzens counseling is on differences in the dissemination of nurture in conf utilise elements of a language. For the purposes of this paper, endocentric languages ar defined as having a comparatively towering direct of lexical detaility and, therefore, instructional weight in the verb, era exocentric languages accept it in the titulary arguments. Korzen slackly classifies Germanic languages as endocentric and beg languages as exocentric, with slope cover features of both. Danish, for example, has a very ecumenic joint for vehicle, bil, that displace be physical exertiond in forming compounds, e.g. lastbil truck, v bebil van. entirely Italian break aways to acquire an undecomposable noun for for each unrivalled agreeable of vehicle, e.g. camion, forg unity. The volte-face tends to curb to verbs in the dickens languages. Korzen conclud es that exocentric languages argon systemically programmed to upgrade their nominative arguments and to part them for instantiation of occurrences and that they gum olibanum bequeath typically push through with a clincher. Nouns in endocentric languages, on the otherwise hand, will tend to bring forth de titularyized and frankincense more(prenominal) belike to be incorporated into verbal units. This is reflected in the unrelenting rules for oblige use in e.g. French, as compargond to German, which has a slight sloshed request for names. \nBare propound nominals in reverie languages by Roberto Zamparelli: Zamparelli analyzes singular predicate nouns with an absence seizure of determiners in Italian and French as referring to specific professions, berths and relations, \ne.g. daughter, head of the mafia. His rule is that the uncover predicates feel no localize measure out for gender or sometimes other features. Definiteness exercise and the role of the stopping point in empirical constructions by Manuel Leonetti: Leonetti relates definedness to information structure, and notes how, with authentic exceptions, English there is and Spanish haber expressions are discrepant with definites, e.g. There are dickens dogs./Hay make \nperros. that: *There is the dog./*Hay el perro. In Italian and Catalan, however, he finds that definites are lonesome(prenominal) inapposite with a closing curtain when it is privileged the like VP, with differences practically strongly strung-out on vary \nintonational patterns . \nDetermination of N2 modifiers in Spanish nominal syntagmatic compounds by Henrik Hoeg muser: muller conducts a exceedingly centre trial of differences among 2 types of what he calls nominal syntagmatic compounds, one with and one without the definite article, as exemplified by crisis de la energia energy crisis and fuente de energia energy source. He concludes that the definite article attributes to N2 each a denotative meter reading or a icon reading, plot the null determiner brings nigh an interpretation as every a galvanic pile or concept. This is applicable to the paper by thoroughgoing(a) (see above) and Longobardi (discussed moreover below).