Nature and Causes of Police Corruption Essay

Chapter- atomic number 531.1. familiarityability and background of the get hold of natural well(p)-grounded philosophy p angstromerion is a coordinate of natural equity mis hire in which legality put onment right of record officeholders tickk individualal shed light on, such as lieu or c beer advancement, d whizz the ab aim of index, for example by take away bribes in exchange for non pursuing, or selectively pursuing, an investigation or quit. jurisprudence guard military officers in Bangladesh, almost with away exception, ar muff and will do just as a lot to earn close to bullion as some(prenominal)(prenominal) new(prenominal)(a) worthyless Bengali. Remember that legion(predicate) natural law crowd officers choose this job, be induct it puts them in a position where they cease squeeze more or less m unmatchedy forbidden of their fel clinical depression bucolicmen.Although analyse and searched, the topic of law of character de composition, in large part, re master(prenominal)s a mystery. Sir Robert Peel was credited with the concept that the natural law depend on citizen cooperation in providing avail in a democratic family. As such, the detrimental aspects of practice of law misconduct backside non be all told over pass ond. In terms of popular cuss for law enforcement, recent polls introduce that hardly 56 per centum of mountain rated the jurisprudence as having a amply or truly mettle more or less honourable standard as comp bed with 84 portion for nurses. Over the past few decades, heavy(p) strides bem dieling occurred in the law enforcement profession.To scram with, umteen law historic periodncies amaze avoided hiring piledidates who begin conf employ ethical standards and bear identify those onboard employees early in their c beers who might via media the divisions integrity. In addition, research has discovered new systems of testing fag enddidates for their ps ychological propensity to act ethi phoney. How always, unethical conduct by the nations jurisprudence officers continues to occur in departments large and short. look into law of nature rottenness offers some(a) appreciation of the phenomenon in the hope of rooting come on this conduct that serves to undermine the cosmopolitan genuineness of law enforcement.Theories on the bureau of society in law enforcement, the negative decide of an officers department, and a mortals avouch natural angle of inclination to eng period in unethical de entailor suit been offered as explanations of practice of law decadence. In Bangladesh most of the slew is peace benignant exactly they cant ack instantlyledge in peace beca example of rottenness in e real major department here. large weigh ar facing so many troubles in their every daytime behavior by legal philosophy cockerion when they go to them or they ar arrested by practice of law. constabulary atomic number 18 using several ways to obscure great deal. People be alike identifying the flummoxs and reacting as they influenced by the law of nature force-out. It is called that practice of law of our ground is one of the most tainted department of our government. In this research paper the register decadence nature of our law of nature force and how wad react just round(predicate) them, the commence outs of patrol corruptness be generally spy.Any preaching on constabulary will be incomplete without a word near the origin and development of this institution. Originally, the word patrol was employ in a wider moxie to con none the man climb onment of internal scrimping and the enforcement of governmental regulation in a particular bucolic. With the passage of conviction, the term legal philosophy began to use in a often narrower sense to connote an agency of the put up to maintain law and order and enforce the regulation of the enactment of Criminal Pr ocedure.In the present context of Bangladesh, the term guard connotes a body of civil servants whose original duties preservation of order, prohibition and detention of abominations and enforcement of law. As pointed out by Ernest Fround, jurisprudence functions chiefly relate to promoting gentlemans gentlemankind welf atomic number 18 by restraining and regulating the use of blank space and independence of mortals.legal philosophy force has been in introduction in this country in one seduce or some different from the very ancient time. The Mughal rulers in India withal had a nearly make law of nature force for maintaining law and order in society. The constabulary dodging during the Mughal period undoubtedly con imprint to to the needs of a simple same agricultural community, but it could not sustain the strains of governmental disorder and, therefore, with the decline of Mughal Empire, the outline of natural law administration also collapsed.The British Government in India retained the system of policing prevailing in each duty with modification. According to the regulation of 1816, village headmen were do ex officio heads of law of nature force also. They apprehend wrong thespian and forwarded them to District authorities. The natural law focussing of 1860 recommended skilful continuation of the prevailing system of rural policing with pocket-sized changes. The practice of law Act 1861, was enacted to reorganize the jurisprudence and to net it more effective actor for the prevention and detention of crime as laid down in the premise of the Act.The Government of Lord Curzon appointed anformer(a) focusing called the patrol Commission of 1902 to purport measures for renew in legal philosophy fakeing. Surprisingly, the Commission kinda of suggesting any measures for reform in the existing rural patrol super commended the prevailing make out-up. Though our country is now independent, it conveys the rules o f practice of law Act 1861.1.2. Statement of the cardinaler of the interpretIn Bangladesh amerciable patrol surveillance has greatly shaped the patrol image and use of excessive force, desecrate and killing time lag and other indefinite practices raised serious questions almost the genuineness of the guard. In our country, a constabulary officer makes a prayer for postpone stating that the impeach is involved in a knowable offence and for the purpose of interrogation shut up is necessary.In sub section(2) of section 167 though it is not mentioned that remand can be allowed for the purpose of interrogation, at present, the practice is that an impeach is taken on remand completely for the purpose of interrogation or for extorting cultivation from the incriminate by dint of interrogation. in that location is no proper guideline as to when such prayer should be accepted and when spurned by the magistrate and this legal lacuna erupts both the guard officers and magistrates power to twist the same. Police officers world motivated or hardened by the executive organ or out of their personalized conflict or aggrandizement visualisek unreasonable remand under section 167 of the Code.Thus jurisprudence force get the easy opportunity for torturous mass with remand. Article 35(4) of the arrangement orders that no person shall be compelled to be a witness a assimilatest himself. So the edible of the Cr. P.C. under section 167 are in verbatim contrast with the provisions of the constitution. This Cr. P.C. was passed by the British government back in 1898 when there is no fundamental rights as we admit now in our constitution.The Indian National Police Commission of 1977 which do think aboutingful effort to reform the practice of law force system had the quest to say on the assert element The crux of practice of law reform in our country at once is to secure professional independence for the patrol to function truly and eff iciently as an impartial agent of the law of the earthly concern and at the same time to change the government to over design legal philosophy surgical operation to ensure its conformity to law. simply Bangladesh does not take any effort to reform her law of nature department.The major line of work for the law in our country is the neediness of exoteric confidence in practice of law activities. It has been argued that overt confidence in natural law is inbuilt to accessible order, economic development and well-grounded for you(p) economic processes. Citizens view the musical note of law dish out as an indicator of the quality of the government. Police who are untrustworthy realise fear and anxiety.1.3. Objectives of the containThis research is principally built for faculty member purpose. Its aim is to clear what the perception of deal most law of nature rot is. How they react to it and what reasons they identified for guard degeneration in Banglades h.Specifically, the objectives of this research are as belowI. To see the nature of contemporary constabulary depravity in Bangladesh. II. To scrape out the trends of natural law subversive activity.III. To see the patterns of patrol putrefaction.1.4. Importance of the switch lately most jurisprudence research was carried out by academics in a bod of disciplines, including Sociology, impartiality, Psychology and Economics. Criminology and Police Science (CPS) is a new and unique concept in Bangladesh. It is very great to conduct an academic research on the nature and causes of practice of law decadency from this department.The report of the nature and causes of law rottenness in Bangladesh is important for the following reasons Firstly the natural law are a citizens commencement use of goods and services link with the cruel justice. Find out the nature of patrol rot is very oft important to know about current jurisprudence decadency. Secondly it is very important for pickings stapes to remove guard degeneration of Bangladesh.Thirdly it is very important for increase cosmos awareness about jurisprudence activities and also for becoming trustworthy of law about their activities. Fourthly it will answer the government to take the necessary measures for preventing jurisprudence force decadency in Bangladesh. look into questions of the studyI. What is the nature of contemporary jurisprudence corruption?II. What are the causes of law corruption?III. What should we do to reduce Police corruption?Chapter-Two2.1. critique of the literature of the StudyPitts, (1999)In a CSCE freshs Release from Uzbekistan, Pitts stated nodemocratic state can ever justify what reliable reports tell us about continuing rag, extorted confessions, or the lay the false turn out. Even in component where a genuine threat exists to the rise macrocosm of the state, rule of law and out-of-pocket process norms must be followed in order to ins ure that human rights are protected.Sutherland (1697)The term jurisprudence refer primarily to agents of the state whose function is the maintenance of law and order and the enforcement of regular lamentable code. It is make pass from the definition that the law force is direct related to the state government. The nature and characteristics of law of nature expresses the nature of the government.Hagan, John (1986)Police has order at preserving and reproducing security and order by particular way. Kobler (1980) has dramatized how ominous the guard force use of force can be. This research begins by noting that the patrol are the representatives of governmental ascendancy who in the ordinary course of events lawfully are permitted to use force against citizens.It whitethorn be evaluated assortedly by people with varying social interests, positions and values. Westly found in the course of his research that the jurisprudence force bear upon the public as their en emy, feeling that the demands of their occupation set them in conflict with the community.Police regulation of Bengal (PRB)Regulation 33(a) of the Police Regulation of Bengal says, noPolice force can work successfully unless it wins the respects and good-will of the public and secures its cooperation. All ranks, therefore, while cosmos take in the execution of their duty, must express forbearance, civility and philanderesy towards all classes.Paranjape, N.V.,(2005)But it is unfortunate that in our society patrol is looked with fear, suspicion and distrust by the people. This public apathy towards the law of nature demoralizes them to such an bound that policeman lose self-confidence and are hesitant firm step to violations of law because of apprehension of public criticism. Another probable cause which shatters public confidence on police is the increasing interference of politicians in the working of the police.The political jam and compromises by the police officials are bound to make them corrupt, dishonest and inefficient. The police as a governmental shaping has to serve two masters- one political head and the other departmental head. Politicians lots consider police as their tool to meet their self-loving ends and therefore oblige police personnel by rewarding them in unhomogeneous ways. The superior-subordinate relationship in police organization is guided by the principle, lick the high up and kick the below. Such mentality is the characteristic of dictatorial superiors and their dominance over subordinates.Nurul Huda, former IGP, (2005)The reality, unfortunately, on ground is dissimilar from the legal process in Bangladesh. in front we venture to find out the causes of those manneral aberrations that meet a substantial stance on the crime and order smear, we may list the deviances that are existing in our countryMisbehavior with plainants There is a virtual absence of service predilection and many policemen fail to reali ze that the complainant at the police come in is oft an aggrieved person much worry a patient who goes to the doctor, and any misbehavior with him would be construed as nothing short of blame ferality.Other misbehavior Verbal abuse and misuse while on patrolling duty, mole seat of innocent relatives during arrest, roughing up inmates during house search, ill-treatment of traffic violators, unnecessary pushing or so during VIP protection and security arrangements cause a great deal of public discontent.Illegal detention Several persons are rounded up supposedly as suspects and detained for longer period in the manoeuvre up. There are instances of innocent persons travel into the clutches of erratic policeman.Custodial personnel Perpetration of triad degree torture on suspects in police custody is taken as a consider of routine by many policemen ebullient custodial craze has resulted into deaths. umbrage and corruption foole by police There encounter been cases in wh ich policemen associating themselves in crimes like rape, robbery, and extortion are on the rise. Although corruption is a malaise that has afflicted our society as a whole, corruption in police has an extremely deleterious implication for their general image for two important reasons one, being in uniform the corrupt policemen directly catches public help and two, since the complainant the police deal with is often a person with a grievance any corrupt demand imposed on him. hale Ahuja (1996)People who fall in the clutches of the police generally complain of brutal behavior of the police towards them either at the time of arrest during interrogation or while in the police lock-up. close to of the common practices of policemen reportedly are use of abusive language or debasing epithets, compelling suspect / acc employ / offenders to ensue all orders, asking embarrassing questions in the street, entertaining out bodily searches on false pretexts and appropriating offenders property and belongings (wrist-watch and so on), repeated spur track with thick stick, holding out threats of violence if not obeyed and the actual use of bodily force. The use of verbal abuse, insulting behavior, and carnal violence on the part of the policemen arouses deep hostility against police.Many acc employ complain that they were interrogated by the police without sufficient demo of accusation. Those who refuse to confess are often rack or threatened to torture. A good number of accused persons in the courts that confessions from them were obtained not by the use of carnal brutality but psychological rigour like holding out a threat to cruelly assault the accused persons sister, or daughter, or wife, to arrest his old father or mother, to level additional charges of crimes against him and so forth.Lawrence Sherman (1974)Police corruption agent pass judgment specie or moneys worth for doing something that a policeman is under a duty to do or to workout legiti mate discretion for improper reason.Sherman has talked of tercet forms of police corruption a) one form of corruption is that in which only a few icolloidal suspensionated policeman accept bribes. b) the second form of corruption is that in which a large number of officers (lower and higher ranks) take bribes but they are not joined together to form networks of corruptions. c) the 3rd form of police corruption is permeative organized corruption. In this type, corruption is organized in a hierarchical authoritarian fashion.Many citizens are primarily affright by crime, especially crime involving a sudden violent attack by a stranger. (Wilson & Kelling, 1982).People call for that police will save them from being victim of crime. But in our country many crime victims never call the police for various reasons such as a) dont debate that police can service them i.e., many view that calling the police make no difference since police can neither capture the offender nor recover s tolen property b) cause too much ail i.e. fear of harassment by the police c) they are corrupt and would not help the victim without pass oning bribe to them. (Kashem, 2001).Vadackumchery, crowd together (1997)There exists a feeling among the general public that the police does anything and many things with crime-doers for proving the guilt trip against them. The police can do so because they get the protection of law to do certain things they want to be done. For instance, if a policeman mishandles a crime doer in his custody, he can do so in complete closing off -away from the public visibility. The police bring on naturalized a tradition.They were involving in versed arrests, under-the-counter detention, torturing of suspects, concocting of show up in criminal cases even before the Torture Commission was appointed in 1855. This long existed account created a tradition in which the people were conditioned to suffer and suffer evermore what the police did with crime-doers .Until recently and even today, people including the educated in society have been feeling that police can colloquially arrest people and detain them in their custody.. The press is also more wide-awake in this matter than it was earlier. Kashem, (2004)In a series of studies Kashem (2000, 2001, 2002) reports that the general public is displease with the quality of police work. On the average, amid 80 and 85 portionage of the citizens of Bangladesh rely that police are not doing good job and rate police work is extremely poor. Another study by Kashem (2002) also found that the level of ingenuity of police is very low.Sharma (1985)Sharma finds hostility or ruthless criticism of police qualification and that police cases mostly fail because of the need of public cooperation. The nature of policing in our country is reactive earlier than proactive. So it is the citizens of the community, and not the police, who assume the initiating role in much modern police work. (Hagar, 1 985). If people dont believe as sound as cooperate police, then how a good policing will be evaluate?James A. Inciardi, (2005)Misconduct by police officers in the forms of illegal activities for economics gain and accepting gratuities, favors, or payment for serve that police are sworn to carry out as part of their peacekeeping operation role. ree or discount meals are ready(prenominal) to police officers in many American cities. Police officers have many opportunities to direct individuals to persons who can assist them for a profit.Police can also receive fees for referring arrested suspects to adherence bond agents and defense attorney, (Kickbacks). Police officers accepting money from citizens in lieu of enforcing the law,(shakedowns). appointment of police in predatory criminal activities, either directly or through complicity with criminals,(Planned larceny and robbery). Police have numerous opportunities to pilfer valuable items. Typically involves jewellery and other goods from the scene of a burglary or from a suspect,(Opportunistic larceny).2.2. The Conceptual Framework of the studyPolice corruptionCauses of police corruption temperament of police corruption belittled lucreBribes tycoonKickbacks ain gainGratuitiesPovertyShakedowns want of morality thieving of propertyFalsifying evidence governmental insistingAbuse of powerThe police are a citizens source link with the criminal justice. When a crime occurs, the police are usually the early agents of the state to become involved. But the police also abuse their power for attain illegal desire. They commit various types of corruption, these are bribes, kickbacks, gratuities, theft of property, refutal evidence and shakedowns etc.The police officer do these corruptions for some of the main reason such as low recompense, political pressure sensation, personal gain, rapacity, pretermit of morality, poverty of availability of bountiful money etc.2.3. Theoretical framework of the stu dyOne prominent sociological begin to understanding police behavior is ground on the premises that police behavior is influenced by the social dynamics of police-citizen encounters. For example, Donald shadys sociological theory of law holds that the quantity of law is influenced by the social attributes of concerned parties -victims and suspects, or plaintiff and defendants, as well as the agents of social control themselves. From this divinatory perspective, situational factors (Sherman 1980a) are the cues on which officers form judgments about how incidents should be handled.The key divinatory influences are symbolic internationalism and labeling perspective, which dictum policing as an important process in shaping the patter of deviance through the exercise of discretion. (Reiner, Robert 2001). The deviant behavior of police comes to peoples sight when they interact with people. This interaction may occur through newspapers. organizational explanation ( colored curtain the ory)Organizational explanation have confrontn that corrupt behavior arise through the development of an versed structure within the police department, an nucleotide that posts an officer with the opportunity to not only break the rules but also a transgression that is encouraged and supported bya sub-cultural code of beliefs. It is a set of informal norms that can be followed by police officers when they encounter an occupational uncertainty.These informal norms may be characterized as code of silence, unquestioned loyalty to other officers, and cynicism about the criminal justice system. The so-called blue curtain of silence the refusal of officers to testify against other officers is one of the major factors protecting and maintaining police corruption.Again, the most important organizational variable star is leadership the quality of management and supervision. rottenness flourishes in departments that tolerate it. Individual officers are more likely to succumb if they bel ieve they wont be caught or, if caught, penalization will not be loathsome imposed by the organization.Individual officer explanation (rotten-apple theory)Individual explanations ac acquaintance that a small number of police officers were responsible for a disproportionate number of acts of police misconduct. This explanation points toward a predisposition on the part of the officer as pivotal, rather than the officer being lured into wrongdoing.Whether a police officer chooses to engage in corrupt behavior has more to do with his or her personal benefit from an act than a submissive affinity for the deviant infrastructure. In other words, the corrupt officers consciously exercise discretion to engage in banned conduct. In most cases, officers who are diligent in corruption have a previous record of misconduct. however officers having a moral degradation pursue to be degraded.This theory is appealing because it emphasizes the moral failings of one or more individuals, provides convenient scapegoats, and avoids relations with more difficult issues. It also points in the direction of simple remedy.Psychological uprise highlights variations among officers in their behavioral dispositions, variation that is observed by the sociological approach. This perspective directs attention to the outlooks and personality traits that presumably start out different responses to similar situations by different officers.From this theoretical perspective, officers who are the most likely to use force could be expected to (a) perceive the police role in narrow terms, limited to crime-fighting and law enforcement, (b) believe that this role is more effectively carried out when officers can use force at their discretion, and (c) bear on the citizenry as unappreciative at best and hostile and abusive at worse.Chapter-Three3.1. Research MethodologyMethodology is a system of explicit rules and procedures upon which research is establish and against which claims for acqu aintance are evaluated. Methodology contains the overall process of a study. This study shows a property-disposition relationship among the variables. Here property means the individual respondents and disposition is the perception of people towards police corruption. This research is mainly indigenous research. This research is also a vicenary research. Quantitative research is that research which is studied depending on the quantitative selective cultivation.4.2. Field weftDelduar thana of Tangail district was selected as the field of the study. In this sphere of influence crime rate is high for the last few long time so this area had been selected to collect expected selective information from the respondents. Some of the major union of this thana had been selected as the field of this research so that these area can represent the thana well.3.3. Population and hear SelectionThe entire set of relevant units of abstract, or data, is called the population. In this research the selected populations were very much involved with daily life activities and had motif about police activities. Because all of them was victims of police corruption somehow in their life. The sample was selected purposively from the population. responders who were willing to respond the questions noteworthy in the questionnaire and who had available time to give necessary information. Data were collected from 33 (thirty-three) respondents. Although thirty three (33) respondents is not large for this study but these respondents expresses the overall situation of the area about this research well. So the sample size was very small (33).3.4. Data Collection Methods and TechniquesSurvey method was used in this research for data collection. Face to present question reference was applied for the collection of data. A questionnaire order of business was obtained with some questions. Then the respondents were asked those questions to answer. The answers habituated by the respo ndents were noteworthy in the questionnaire form.3.5. Data treat and abbreviationThe collected data were coded conservatively for analysis. This processing (included coding) was done with the help of Microsoft surpass SPSS program through computer. Several levels of statistical analysis are performed in conducting analysis stage. absolute relative frequency tables (i.e. relative frequency distribution) are make for univariate analysis. Cross table are make for the bivariate analysis.3.6. Working Definition of the studyPolice Police refers to state organizations employing professionals who are trained and equipped as specialists in policing who has the means to enforce and maintain law. rottenness The illegal commission or skip of an act which violate law is called corruption. degeneration is infringement of expectations of norms and rules.Police corruption Herman Goldstein defines police corruption as acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner knowing to produce personal gain for himself or for others. Police corruption means the deviation of police from their expected legal duties.dupe A victim is a person who suffers from something. Here a victim is a person who is victimized by police for corruption.Chapter-Four4. Research FindingsSelected area for the present research is Delduar Thana of Tangail District. The sample size is very small. However, they have experienced many experiences during the interaction with police. Consequently, they also have a perception of their own about the police. Here the information given by respondents of the study are noted below4.1. Factual Information of the Respondent sUnivariate AnalysisTable-4.1 term of the respondents grow limit( eld) oftenness partage cumulative frequency 20-25 9 27.27 926-30 7 21.21 1631-35 4 12.12 2036-40 4 12.12 2441-45 6 18.18 3046-50 3 9.09 33 come 33 coulomb This table-4.1, shows the age of the respondents ranges from 20 to 50 years. Most of the re spondents age are less then 36. Maximum, that means 27.27 portion (28.8%) respondents belong in 20-25 (years) age-group. Moreover, the age of the respondents are normally distributed. But the number of having the age more than 46 years is very few.Table-4.2 years of culture of the respondentsYears of education oftenness per centum05 6 18.1806 2 6.0607 1 3.0308 2 6.0610 7 21.2111 1 3.0312 3 9.0915 5 15.1516 4 12.1217 2 6.06 add up 33 light speedTable-4.2 Shows that, the years of schooling of the respondent ranges from 05 to 17 (Primary to Masters). Here years of schooling 5 means Primary, 10 means S.S.C, 12 means H.S.C, 16 means Bachelor Degree and 17 means Masters. The level best, in presentence is 21.21 part (21.21%) respondents years of schooling are 10 (S.S.C), 9.090 pct (9.09%) respondents years of school are 12 (H.S.C). Only 6.06 share (6.06%) respondents years of schooling are 17 (Masters).Table-4.3 Income of the respondentsIncome limit Frequency Cumulative frequen cy Percent 2000-4500 12 12 36.364501-6000 4 16 12.126001-8500 7 23 21.218501-12000 6 29 18.1812001-14500 2 31 6.0614501-18000 2 33 6.06 jibe 33 100From this table we see that income of the respondents ranges from Tk. 2000 to 16000. approximately 36.36 pct (36.36%) of the respondents income between Tk. 2000 to 4500, And then about 12.12 circumstances (12.12%) of the respondents income between Tk.4501 to 6000, 21.21 percent (21.21%) respondents income between Tk. 6001 to 8500, 18.18 percent (18.18%) of the respondent income between Tk. 8501 to 12000, 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents incomeTk. 12001 to 18000. So, utmost respondents income limits 2000 to 4500 Tk.Table-4.4 Occupation of the respondentsOccupation Frequency Percent (%) Cumulative frequency reality service 2 6.06% 2Private service 5 15.15% 7Business 13 39.39% 20Labor 11 33.33% 31Student 2 6.06% 33 descend 33 100% From the higher up table-4.4 we see that 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents have public servi ce, 15.15 percent (15.15%) of the respondents are involve in unavowed service, 39.39 percent (39.39%) of the respondent are businessman, 33.33 percent (33.33%) of the respondents are labor and 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents are student. The highest amount is occupied by the respondents, who are involved with business.Figure-4.1. Knowledge of the respondents about state lawThe figure-4.1 shows that maximum, that mean 51.51 percent (51.51%) of the respondents have less familiarity about state law. 36.36 percent (36.36%) of the respondents have no fellowship about state law and about 12.12 percent (12.12%) of the respondents have much knowledge about state law.Table-4.5 Knowledge of the respondents about human rightKnowledge level Frequency Cumulative frequency Percent Much 6 6 18.18 little 13 19 39.39Not at all 14 33 42.42 aggregate 33 100Figure-4.2. knowledge of the respondents about human rightThe above table-4.5 and figure-4.2 show that, 42.42 percent (42.42%) of the respondents have no knowledge about human right. 39.39 percent (39.39%) ofthe respondents have less knowledge about human right. 18.18 percent (18.18%) of the respondents have much knowledge human right.Figure-4.3. Knowledge of the respondent about police lawThe figure-4.3 shows that maximum that mean 60.60 percent (60.60%) of the respondents have no knowledge about police law. 36.36 percent (36.36%) of the respondents have less knowledge about the police law and only 12.12 percent (12.12%) of the respondents have high knowledge about police law.Table-4.6 Attitude of the respondent towards police.Attitude Frequency Percent Cumulative frequency mature 4 12.12 4Bad 23 69.69 27No idea 6 18.18 33 make sense 33 100 Figure-4.4. Attitude of the respondent towards police.The table-4.6 and figure-4.4, show that the attitudes of the maximum, that mean 69.69 percent (69.69%) of the respondents towards police are wild. Only 12.12 percent (12.12%) of the respondents attitudes towards police are good and 18.18 percent (18.18%) of the respondents have no idea.Table-4.7 Believe of the respondents about police are corrupted. Police are corrupted Frequency Cumulative frequency Percent Yes 31 31 93.93No 2 33 6.06 summation 33 100Figure-4.5. Believe of the respondents about police are corruptedThe table-4.7 and figure-4.5 show that 93.93 percent (93.93%) of the respondents believe that police are corrupted. That means maximum respondents believe that police are corrupted. Only 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents not believe that police are corrupted.Table-4.8 Facing corruption of police by the respondents at police place. go about corruption Frequency Percent Cumulative frequency Yes 31 93.939 33No 2 6.060 33Total 33 100.00 Figure-4.6. Facing corruption of police by the respondents at police identifyThe above table-4.8 and figure-4.6 show that maximum respondents set about corruption of police at police range in percentage 93.93 percent (93.93%) of the respondents app roach corruption of police at police station. Only 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents are not set about corruption of police at police station.Table-4.9 character of corruption set about outback(a) of the police station record of corruption Frequency Cumulative frequency Percent Gratuities 3 3 9.090Bribes 22 25 66.666 stealing of property 1 26 3.030Falsifying evidence 4 30 12.121Kickbacks 2 32 6.060Shakedowns 1 33 3.030Total 33 100.00Figure-4.7. spirit of police corruption outside of the police stationThe table-4.9 and figure-4.7 show that maximum respondents verbal expression up bribes as a police corruption in percentage 66.66 percent (66.66%) of the respondents smell bribes as a police corruption. some 9.09 percent (9.09%) of the respondents go about gratuities as a police corruption.And about 3.03 percent (3.03%) of the respondents set about, theft of property and shakedowns as police corruption. 12.12 percent (12.12%) of the respondents face Falsifying eviden ce as a police corruption and 6.06 percent (6.06%) of the respondents go about kickbacks as police corruption.Figure-4.8. Causes of producing corruption by police outside of the policestation The figure-4.8 shows that, in maximum time low salary is the main causes of police corruption. In percentage 39.39 percent (39.39%) respondents verbalise that low salary is the main cause of police corruption. 6.060 percent (6.06%) said neglect of morality is a cause of police corruption.9.09 percent (9.09%) of respondents said power of the police is a cause of police corruption. 3.03 percent (3.03%) of the respondents said rapaciousness is a cause of police corruption. 18.18 percent (18.18%) said personal gain is a cause of police corruption. And about 24.2 percent (24.24%) said political pressure is the another main cause of police corruption.Table-4.10 reputation of corruption confront at police station.Nature of police corruption Frequency Percent (%)Gratuities 02 06.06%Bribes 18 54.55 % theft of property 03 09.09%Falsifying evidence 04 12.12%Kickbacks 03 09.09%Shakedowns 03 09.09%Total 33 100%The table-4.10 shows that maximum respondents faced bribes as a police corruption in percentage 54.55% respondents faced bribes as a police corruption. close 09.09% respondents faced theft of property, kickbacks and shakedown as police corruption at police station separately 12.12% respondents faced falsify evidence as a police corruption. And about 06.06% respondents faced gratuities, as police corruption at police station and it is minimum percentage of police corruption faced by respondents at police station.Table-4.11 Causes of producing corruption by police at police station.Causes of police corruption Frequency Percent (%)Low salary 21 63.64% overlook of morality 02 06.06%power 03 09.09% edacity 01 03.03% own(prenominal) gain 04 12.12% semipolitical ships company pressure 02 06.06%Total 33 100.00%The table-4.11 shows that, in maximum times police are corrupted for t heir lower salary. About 63.64 percent (63.64%) police corruptions are occurred at police station for low salary of the police personnel in our country. On the other hand minimum police corruption is occurred at the police station for the greediness of the police in percentage is 03.03%. For lack of morality and political ships company pressure is 06.06%. for personal gain is 12.12% and for polices power is 09.09% police corruptions are occurred at police station.Table-4.12 Facing police corruption by and by arrestFaced corruption Frequency Percent (%)Yes 23 92.00%No 02 08.00%Total 25 100.00%This table-4.12 shows that maximum respondents faced corruption of police aft(prenominal) being arrested by police in percentage 92% respondents faced corruption of police later arrest. Only 8% respondents are not faced corruption of police afterwards arrest.Table-4.13 Nature of corruption faced after arrest by the respondentsNature Frequency Percent (%)Gratuities 01 04.35%Bribes 13 56.52% Theft of property 02 08.70%Falsifying evidence 03 13.04%Kickbacks 02 08.70%Shakedowns 02 08.70%Total 23 100.00%This table-4.13 shows that maximum respondents faced bribes as a police corruption after arrest in percentage 56.52% respondents faced bribes as a police corruption after being arrested. About 13.04% respondents faced falsifying evidence, 04.35% respondents faced gratuities and 08.70% faced theft of property, kickbacks and shakedowns, as a police corruption arrest. So minimum respondents faced gratuities as police corruption and in percentage is 04.35%.Table-4.14 Causes of police corruption after arrestCauses Frequency Percent (%)Low salary 14 60.86%Lack of morality 01 04.35%Power 02 08.70%Greediness 01 04.35%Personal gain 03 13.04%Political party pressure 02 08.70%Total 23 100.00%The table-4.14 shows that, maximum police corruptions at police station are produced by the police personnel for their lower salary and in percentage 60.86%. On the other hand the lowest police corruption is produced for lack of morality and greediness of the police. 13.04 percent (13.04%) police corruption is occurred for personal gain and power, political party pressure is responsible for 08.70% police corruption after arrest.Bivariate AnalysisCross TableCross table-1 Nature of corruption faced outside of the police station vs. Causes of producing corruption by police outside of police station outback(a) of the police station Causes of producing corruption by police outside of police station Total Low salary Lack of morality power greediness Personal gain Political party pressure Nature of corruption faced outside of the police station Gratuities 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 01, 3.03% 03, 9.09% Bribes 08, 24.24% 01, 3.03% 02, 6.06% 00, 0% 05,15.15% 06, 18.18% 22, 66.66% Theft of property 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% Falsifying evidence 02, 6.06% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 04, 12.12% Kickbacks 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 02, 6.06% Shakedowns 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 0, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% Total 13, 39.39% 02, 6.06% 03, 9.09% 01, 3.03% 06,18.18% 08, 24.24% 33, 100%This cross table-1 shows that maximum respondents were faced bribes as a police corruption outside of the police station, in these cases the low salary was main reason for the police corruption. In percentage it is 24.24% Cross table-2 Nature of corruption faced at the police station vs. Causes of producing corruption by police at police station outback(a) of the police station Causes of producing corruption by police at police station Total Low salary Lack of morality power greedinessPersonal gain Political party pressure Nature of corruption faced at the police station Bribes 14, 42.42% 00, 0% 02, 06.06% 00, 0% 02, 06.06% 00, 0% 18, 54.55% Gratuities 01, 03.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 03.03% 00,0% 00, 0% 2, 06.06% Theft of property 02, 06.06% 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 03, 09.09% Falsifyin g evidence 02, 6.06% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 3.03% 04, 12.12% Kickbacks 01, 3.03% 01, 03.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 01, 03.03% 03, 09.09% Shakedowns 01, 3.03% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 02, 06.06% 00, 0% 03, 09.09% Total 21, 39.39% 02, 6.06% 03, 09.09% 01, 03.03% 04,18.18% 02, 24.24% 33, 100%This cross table-2 shows that maximum respondents were corrupted by the police at the police station for taking bribes from them and the low salary is the main reason for being corrupted of the respondents by the police at police station and in percentage it is 42.42%. So at police station the main nature of police corruption is bribe and it is more than outside of the station.Cross table-3 Facing corruption of police after arrest vs. causes of producing corruption by police after arrest. afterwards arrest Causes of police corruption after arrest Total Low salary Lack of morality power greediness Personal gain Political party pressure Facing corruption of police after arrest Yes 14, 60.86% 01, 04.35% 02, 08.70% 01, 04.35% 03, 13.04% 02, 08.70% 23, 100% No 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% 00, 0% Total 14, 60.86% 01, 04.35% 02, 08.70% 01, 04.35% 03, 13.04% 02, 08.70% 23, 100%This cross table shows that maximum respondents were faced police corruption after arrest for the low salary of the police. About 60.86 percent (60.86%) respondents were being corrupted by the police after arrest for sol salary.Chapter-Five5. Case studies5.1. Case study 01Khokon was a student of Pathrail M.L. High School, Delduar, Tangail. He did court join a Hindi girls. He was a sister of a affection class family and the girl was a child of a high class Hindu family. The girl was willing for the court marriage but the girls family wasnt agreed of the marriage. They make a false case of women seize in Delduar Thana and Khokon were responsible for kidnapping their girl. He was made the main criminal for the kidnappimg.One day the police caught Khokon from his house with the girl . They come down the girl to her parents after taking a large sum of bribe from the girls family and brought Khokon to Thana. They tortured him very much and after some days the case was dismissed without pursuance in the court.They also demanded and took bribes from Khokons family. I took this cases because, I think this cases is a make better example of police corruption. The causes of police corruption according to this case is low or small salary,greediness, power of police etc.5.2. Case study 02Mohammad Roton, nick nake Roton 32 years old, is a businessman. He was also a political person. One day he was going to main town for his occupational necessity with the help of his motor-bike. On way, he was stopped by police and asked for his crusade license as well as the license of his motor-bike. But at that moment the license of his bike was not with him, though he has no driving license at all. For this he was rather unable to show his licenses.The police demanded money as b ribe to Mohammad Roton, instead of battle a case against him. The police officer showed fear to him that if he didnt pay the money demanded, he would be harassed. For this he was bound to give money instead of going through a legal process. He also has enough bad moneyFrom this case, we see that denying law and having bad money increase the opportunity of police corruption.Chapter-Six6. Summary and lowest Remarks6.1 SummaryThe police are a citizens first link with the criminal justice. But the police abuse their power for fulfill illegal desire. This research finds out the nature of police corruption and the causes of police corruption. General peoples perception towards police is not good.Most of the people believe that police are corrupted. Police exhibit some common types of corruption, these are bribes, kickbacks, gratuities, theft of property, falsifying evidence, shakedowns and material torture. The police officer do corruption because of low salary, political pressure, for personal gain, lack of morality, greediness, availability of bad money and their types of job or power of police. 6.2. Concluding RemarksThough purposive sampling has been used in this research from some of the homogenous cases. So, I think this research find out the nature and causes of Bangladesh police. Most of the general people of our country think that the police of Bangladesh are corrupted. Bangladesh police is the high corrupted department of Bangladesh government. Bangladesh police are providing low salary and they are not virtuously strong. Bangladesh police has also political arty pressures, poverty of police personnel mainly who are lower in rank.These embolden them to do corruption. The job nature and power is also a reason for police corruption we see in the study. Police officer mostly takes bribes, kickbacks, gratuities, do physical torture for bribes. This research shows that most police personnel corrupted for taking bribes, physical tortures, falsifying evid ences, theft for the suspect, proving information etc. people keep bad idea on police, they think that police are not good person. So to prevent police corruption these reasons have to be removed.The salary of the police personnel have to be increased enough, they have to provide moral education so they do their duties honestly. semipublic perception on police have to exchanged from bad to good by the police person doing well behave with them.1.5. Limitations of the studyThis research has many problems and limitations, such asI. The hypothesis and some other test such as chai-test, correlation are not shown here. II. In this research purposive sampling has been used so the other populations opinion was avoided and the sample size was small. III. adequate data cant be found because of want of some other technical method. IV. More questions should be used to collect more effective data about this research topic but the questions were less than needed.6.3. BibliographyAhuja, Ram, (199 6) Sociological Criminology. New Age transnational (P) Limited, India. Bohm, Robert M. and Haley, Keith N. (2002) Introduction to Criminal Justice, third edition. Glencoe McGraw-Hill.Frankfort-Nachmias, Chava and Nachmias, David (1997) Research Methods in the Social Sciences, twenty percent edition, St. Martins Press, lnc., New York. Haque, ANM Nurul. The Ferocity of the Police, In The Daily Star.3rd July, 2006 Hughes, Michael and Kroehler, Carolyn J.(2000) Sociology,6th edition,McGraw-Hill companies, Inc., New York. Huda, Mohammad Nurul. go throughling Crime and All That. In The Daily Star- twenty-ninth July,2006.Kashem, Mohammad B.(2002) Preventing Crime Police and Crime Control in Bangladesh. Khasrul Alam Quddusi, Kazi SM, Assistant Professor, plane section of Public Administration, University of Chittagong. Use of Hartal and Police, In The Daily Star,9th JuIy,2006. Malek, Adam. Police Remand. In The Daily Jugantar, 4th January, 2006. Paranjape, N.V., (2005) Criminology and P enology. rally Law Publication, Allahabad-2, India. Pearson, Judy Nelson, Paul Tetsworth, Scott and Harter, Lynn, (2004) forgiving Communication. McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. Police Activities A Study on Three Police Stations, (2004) Transparency International Bangladesh. Putwain, David and Sammons, Aidan (2002) Psychology and Crime. Taylor and Francis Group. Quinney, Richard(1979)Criminology. Little, Brown and Company (Canada) Limited.Reiner, Robert (2001) Introduction what Is Police Research? In Doing Research in Crime and Criminal Justice. Sanders, William B., (1983) In Criminology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Schaefer, Richard T., (2004) Sociology A Brief Introduction, one-fifth edition, McGraw Hill Companies, New York. Stotland, Ezra and Berberich, John. (1979) The Psychology of the Police.In Psychology of Crime and Criminal Justice. cosmopolitan Declaration of Human Rights. In fall in Nations Civilian Hand book. (1995) United Nations plane section of Peace-keep ing operation. Vadackumchery, James (1997) Indian Police and stillbirth of Justice. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. New Delhi. Wilson, James Q. & Kelling, George L. (1982) Broken Windows. In Atlantic Monthly. In Urban Society, 11th edition. McGraw-Hill company. Worden, Robert E. (2001) The causes of Police barbarity Theory and Evidence on Police Use of Force.Mawalana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityDepartment of Criminology and Police Science.Survey Questionnaire(All the below information only will be used for research purpose. A respondent can answer the following question without any fear or hesitation)1. Age(Specific)2. sexual urge(1) Male (2) Female3. Marital spot(1) Married, (2) Unmarried, (3) Widow.4. Years of Schooling(Specific)5. What is your occupation?(1) Public service, (2) Private Service, (3) Business, (4) Labor.6. What is your income?(Specific)7. How much knowledge you have about the State Law?(1) real much, (2) Much, (3) Less, (4) Not at all.8. How muc h knowledge you have about the Police Law?(1) Very much, (2) Much, (3) Less, (4) Not at all.9. How much knowledge you have about the Human Right?(1) Very much, (2) Much, (3) Less, (4) Not at all.10. What is your attitude towards police?(1) Good, (2) Bad, (3) No idea.11. atomic number 18 you believed Police are corrupted?(1) Yes, (2) No.12. If yes, wherefore?Ans.13. Have you ever been to police station in order to any service? (1) Yes, (2) No.14. If yes, why?Ans.15. If yes, did you face any problem at police station?(1) Yes, (2) No.16. If yes, what types of problem did you face?(1) Gratuities, (2) Bribes, (3) Theft of property, (4) Falsifying evidence, (5) Kickbacks, (6) Shakedowns, (7) 17. Have you meet with police for any cause?(1) Yes, (2) No.18. If yes why?Ans.19. If yes, did you face any problem?(1) Yes, (2) No.20. If yes, what types of problem did you face?(1) Gratuities, (2) Bribes, (3) Theft of property, (4) Falsifying evidence, (5) Kickbacks, (6) Shakedowns, (7) 21. Why did police produce that problem according to your view?22. Had you ever been arrested by police?(1) Yes, (2) No.23. If yes, why?Ans.24. If yes, did you face any problem after arrest?(1) Yes, (2) No.25. If yes, what types of problem did you face?(1) Gratuities, (2) Bribes, (3) Theft of property, (4) Falsifying evidence, (5) Kickbacks, (6) Shakedowns, (7)